Former Environmental Protection Agency officials warn that pollution from AI data centers poses a growing public health threat. The group points to gas-fired power plants built to meet the sector’s massive electricity demand.
These plants emit nitrogen oxides, fine particulates, and other pollutants linked to respiratory and cardiac illness. Communities near the facilities face the highest exposure risks.
The officials estimate the pollution will add at least $20 billion in annual health care costs by 2028. That figure covers emergency visits, chronic disease treatment, and lost productivity.
Data center electricity demand has surged as companies expand AI training and cloud services. Utilities have responded by delaying coal retirements and building new gas capacity.
Many of these plants operate under permits that allow higher emission levels than standard rules require. Critics say regulators have moved too slowly to tighten oversight.
The warning arrives as federal and state agencies weigh new rules for the industry. Some lawmakers have called for emissions caps and stricter siting reviews.
Industry representatives say data centers are investing in renewable energy and efficiency. They argue that grid reliability requires a mix of power sources during the transition.
Public health researchers note that pollution effects often fall on low-income and minority neighborhoods. These communities already carry a disproportionate share of industrial burdens.
The former officials urge faster permitting reviews and real-time emissions monitoring. They also want health impact assessments before new plants receive approval.
Without intervention, the group says, the health and financial toll will keep rising alongside AI’s power needs.
