Saudi Arabia may pursue nuclear weapons if its security demands it, according to a recent intelligence assessment. The finding comes as Congress reviews a civilian nuclear cooperation agreement with the kingdom.
The assessment examines Riyadh’s military ambitions amid shifting regional dynamics. Lawmakers received the report as part of their review of the proposed deal.
The pact would allow the United States to share nuclear technology and materials with Saudi Arabia for peaceful purposes. In exchange, Riyadh would accept safeguards against weapons development.
Concerns center on whether the agreement includes sufficient restrictions. Some legislators worry that a civilian program could provide a pathway to a bomb.
Saudi officials have previously said the kingdom would seek nuclear weapons if Iran develops them. That stance has complicated negotiations over the civilian accord.
The Biden administration has pursued the deal as part of broader Middle East diplomacy. Normalizing ties between Saudi Arabia and Israel remains a related goal.
Congress must approve any nuclear cooperation agreement before it takes effect. The review process gives lawmakers leverage to demand stricter terms.
The intelligence assessment does not conclude that Saudi Arabia has decided to build a weapon. It instead outlines factors that could push Riyadh in that direction.
Regional security concerns, including Iran’s nuclear advances, weigh heavily on Saudi calculations. The kingdom has long sought assurances from Washington over its defense.
Analysts say the deal’s fate depends on whether Congress can secure firm nonproliferation commitments. Without them, the agreement faces an uncertain path.
